Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 28 (2), P. 166–174 (2025).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo28.02.166
Tuning magnetization in Ni-Fe-Gd thin films by using the electrodeposition technique
P. Sathishkumar1,*, E. Elayaperumal1, S.G. Juliana2, D. Azhakanantham3, A.A. Ghfar4, A. Ganguly3
1Department of Physics, Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi-627412, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Physics, Nazareth Margoschis College, Nazareth-628 617, Tamil Nadu, India
3Department of Physics & Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamil Nadu, India
4Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding author e-mail: perumal_sathish@yahoo.co.in
Abstract. Thin films with soft magnetic properties are critical for advanced magnetic data storage and transfer devices. This study focuses on the electrodeposition of Ni-Fe-Gd thin film alloys onto copper substrates, varying current densities to investigate their structural, compositional, morphological, and magnetic properties. The obtained films display complex crystalline structures comprising mixed face-centered cubic (FCC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases depending on the Gd ion content and deposition conditions. The observed magnetic behavior ranges from superparamagnetic to soft ferromagnetic, depending on the Gd interaction with Ni and Fe and local microstructural defects. This study is significant in advancing the development of magnetic alloy-based thin films for magnonic and spintronic applications.
Keywords: ferromagnetism, electrodeposition, magnetic properties, Ni-Fe-Gd thin films.
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