¹Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46 Nauky Avenue, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
²Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1 Murmanska Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
³National University of Life Resources and Environmental Management of Ukraine, 12 Heroiv Oborony Street, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁴Faculty of Radio Physics, Electronics and Computer Systems, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, 4 Hlushkova Avenue, 03127 Kyiv, Ukraine
⁵Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, School of Engineering and Innovation, Aston University, Aston Triangle, B4 7ET, Birmingham, UK
*Corresponding author e-mail: p.lutsyk@aston.ac.uk

Abstract. Indotetracarbocyanines belong to a family of long cyanine dyes that easily change molecular shape from symmetric cyanine-like to asymmetric polyene state. Multiple factors affect the conformations of such molecules and therefore influence their photoluminescent emission. In this paper, we investigated the photophysical behavior of indotetracarbocyanine dyes in various solvent environments and in mixtures with single-walled carbon nanotubes. The results revealed concentration-, aging-, and solvent-polarity dependent spectral features of such dyes, allowing us to establish key mechanisms for emission tuning. The spectral changes have been associated with symmetry-dependent molecular conformations of indotetracarbocyanines and their ability to interact with carbon nanotube surfaces. New emission bands emerge in the photoluminescence spectra due to dye-nanotube interactions, mediated by π–π stacking and electrostatic effects. This behavior is consistent with adsorption-induced aggregation of the dye on the nanotube surface and with the formation of new photoinduced emitting states.

Keywords: cyanine dyes, carbon nanotubes, photoluminescence, fluorescence, cyanine and polyene states, solution aging.

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